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Which substance is used to soften hard water?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Washing soda

Hard water contains dissolved calcium and magnesium salts. Washing soda, Na₂CO₃·10H₂O, supplies carbonate ions that react with soluble calcium or magnesium ions to form insoluble carbonates, which can be removed. This decreases the ions responsible for hardness, so option A is correct. Vinegar and lemon juice are acids, while common salt does not generally precipitate the hardness-causing ions and therefore is not the standard softening substance.

Related tags

Hard-WaterWashing-SodaWater-SofteningPrecipitationAcidsBasesAnd SaltsAcids Bases And SaltsChemical Substances – Nature And BehaviourChemical Substances Nature And Behaviour

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