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If soap does not lather in hard water but starts lathering after adding washing soda, what is the correct reason?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Hardness-causing ions are removed

Hard water contains Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions. These ions react with soap anions to form insoluble calcium or magnesium soaps, commonly called scum, so lather is not produced readily. Washing soda supplies carbonate ions that precipitate the hardness-causing ions as carbonates. Once those ions are removed, soap can form lather normally. Therefore, option A is correct.

Related tags

Hard WaterSoapWashing SodaAcidsBasesAnd SaltsAcids Bases And SaltsChemical Substances – Nature And BehaviourChemical Substances Nature And BehaviourScience

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