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How does washing soda help soften hard water?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: It removes calcium and magnesium ions as insoluble carbonates

Hard water contains dissolved calcium and magnesium ions, which interfere with soap and form scum. Washing soda, sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), supplies carbonate ions. These combine with calcium and magnesium ions to form insoluble calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate precipitates, removing the troublesome ions from the water. Consequently, soap can lather more readily. It does not produce hydrogen, increase acidity, or destroy sodium ions, so option A correctly explains the softening process.

Related tags

Washing SodaHard WaterCarbonatesAcidsBasesAnd SaltsAcids Bases And SaltsChemical Substances – Nature And BehaviourChemical Substances Nature And BehaviourScience

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