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How does washing soda work in softening hard water?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: It removes calcium and magnesium ions as insoluble carbonates

Hard water contains dissolved calcium and magnesium ions. Washing soda supplies carbonate ions, which react with them to form sparingly soluble calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate precipitates. Removing these ions reduces hardness and allows soap to lather more readily. Therefore option A is correct; the other choices describe unrelated changes that do not soften water.

Related tags

Hard WaterWashing SodaCarbonate PrecipitationAcidsBasesAnd SaltsAcids Bases And SaltsChemical Substances – Nature And BehaviourChemical Substances Nature And BehaviourScience

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