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How does washing soda help soften hard water?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: By removing calcium and magnesium ions

The governing concept is precipitation of hardness-causing ions. Hard water contains dissolved calcium and magnesium ions, which interfere with soap and produce scum. Washing soda, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), reacts with these ions to form insoluble carbonates such as calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. The precipitates can be removed, reducing hardness. Hence option A is correct; gas formation, acidification and chlorine removal do not explain softening.

Related tags

Washing SodaHard WaterCalcium MagnesiumAcidsBasesAnd SaltsAcids Bases And SaltsChemical Substances – Nature And BehaviourChemical Substances Nature And BehaviourScience

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