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Why does hydrochloric acid have a lower pH than ethanoic acid at the same concentration?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: It ionises almost completely in water

The governing concept is acid strength and hydrogen-ion concentration. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid, so at the same formal concentration it ionises almost completely in water and produces a relatively high concentration of H⁺ or H₃O⁺ ions. Ethanoic acid is weak and ionises only partially, so it produces fewer hydrogen ions. Since pH = −log[H⁺], a greater hydrogen-ion concentration gives a lower pH. Thus option B is correct; the other statements contradict the properties of these acids.

Related tags

Strong AcidWeak AcidPhAcidsBasesAnd SaltsAcids Bases And SaltsChemical Substances – Nature And BehaviourChemical Substances Nature And BehaviourScience

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