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When hard water is mixed with aqueous washing soda, hardness decreases. What is the main reason?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Calcium and magnesium ions are removed as insoluble carbonates

Hard water contains dissolved calcium and magnesium ions, which interfere with soap and produce scum. Washing soda, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), supplies carbonate ions. These ions precipitate calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, removing the hardness-causing ions from the water. No hydrogen gas is required, sodium ions are not destroyed, and the water does not become an acid. Thus option A is correct.

Related tags

Washing SodaHard WaterCarbonatesAcidsBasesAnd SaltsAcids Bases And SaltsChemical Substances – Nature And BehaviourChemical Substances Nature And BehaviourScience

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