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Soap produces less lather in hard water. Why does adding washing soda improve lather formation?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: It helps remove calcium and magnesium ions

Hard water contains Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. These ions react with soap anions to form insoluble scum, so less soap remains available for lather. Washing soda, Na2CO3, supplies carbonate ions that precipitate calcium and magnesium as insoluble carbonates, softening the water. Hence option A is correct; the other choices do not describe softening or lather formation.

Related tags

Hard-WaterWashing-SodaCalcium-MagnesiumSoap-ScumClass10AcidsBasesAnd SaltsAcids Bases And SaltsChemical Substances – Nature And Behaviour

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