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A student adds dilute hydrochloric acid to a white powder and passes the evolved gas through lime water. The lime water turns milky. Which ion is most likely present in the powder?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Carbonate ion

Carbonate ions react with dilute HCl to release carbon dioxide: \(\mathrm{CO_3^{2-}+2H^+\rightarrow CO_2+H_2O}\). The \(\mathrm{CO_2}\) reacts with lime water, \(\mathrm{Ca(OH)_2}\), and forms an insoluble white precipitate of \(\mathrm{CaCO_3}\). This precipitate makes the lime water appear milky. Chloride, sulfate, and nitrate ions do not release \(\mathrm{CO_2}\) with dilute HCl. Exam tip: gas evolution followed by milky lime water is the standard test for a carbonate ion.

Related tags

Acids Bases SaltsCarbonate IonCarbon DioxideLime WaterQualitative AnalysisChemical Reactions

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