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Which salt is commonly used to remove permanent hardness of water?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Na₂CO₃·10H₂O

Sodium carbonate decahydrate, Na₂CO₃·10H₂O, is washing soda. It removes permanent hardness by supplying CO₃²⁻ ions, which react with dissolved Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions to form insoluble carbonates that can be separated. Hence option A is correct. Calcium sulfate contributes to hardness, sodium bicarbonate is baking soda, and calcium oxychloride is bleaching powder, so the other choices do not perform this softening role.

Related tags

Washing SodaPermanent HardnessWater TreatmentSodium CarbonateSaltsAcidsBasesAnd SaltsAcids Bases And SaltsChemical Substances – Nature And Behaviour

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