Correct answer: A. (25)
Explanation: The direct answer is option A: 25. The required identity is α² + β² = (α + β)² - 2αβ. It is obtained by expanding the square of the sum: (α + β)² = α² + 2αβ + β². Now use the given values. The sum is 7, so (α + β)² = 7² = 49. The product is 12, so 2αβ = 2 × 12 = 24. Subtract: α² + β² = 49 - 24 = 25. Hence option A is correct. Option B, 37, would result from an incorrect subtraction, such as 49 - 12, where the factor 2 is forgotten. Option C, 49, is just the square of the sum and does not equal the sum of the separate squares because the extra term 2αβ is present. Option D, 84, is not produced by the identity and likely comes from an incorrect multiplication or addition. There is no need to solve for the individual roots. Memory cue: write the pattern (a² + b² = (a+b)² - 2ab) before inserting numbers, so the factor 2 is not missed.