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Geometrical meaning of the zeroes of a polynomial.
बहुपद के शून्यकों का ज्यामितीय अर्थ
In this Class 10 Mathematics topic from Polynomials, students understand the geometrical meaning of a polynomial’s zeroes by connecting algebraic expressions with their graphs. A zero is represented by the x-coordinate where the graph meets or touches the x-axis. Students learn how the number of points of intersection indicates the number of real zeroes, and interpret graphs of linear, quadratic, and other polynomial functions to relate their shapes and x-intercepts to solutions of p(x) = 0.
Practice questions
01 If the zeroes of a parabola are (a-2) and (a+4), what will be its axis of symmetry?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. (x=a+1)
Explanation: The axis of symmetry is at the average of zeroes, (\frac{(a-2)+(a+4)}{2}=a+1). Tip: take the average even for symbolic zeroes.
02 If a graph has zeros −2, 3 and 7, which is the correct set of x-axis intersection points?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. (-2,0), (3,0), (7,0)
Explanation: If a polynomial has a zero a, the graph meets the x-axis at (a,0) because the polynomial's value is zero at x = a. For zeros −2, 3 and 7 the x-intercepts are (−2,0), (3,0) and (7,0), which is option B. Distractor A incorrectly treats zeros as y-intercepts (0,a); C and D alter the order or signs of coordinates, so they are wrong. Exam tip: always write a zero a as the point (a,0) on the x-axis.
03 If (p(x)=(x+2)(x-1)(x-6)), what will be the sign of (p(x)) for (1<x<6)?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. Negative
Explanation: In this interval the first two factors are positive and the third is negative, so the product is negative. Tip: check the sign of each factor separately.
06 If \(p(x)=4x^2-25\), what are the x-axis intercepts of its graph?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. \(\left(\frac{5}{2},0\right)\) and \(\left(-\frac{5}{2},0\right)\)
Explanation: x-intercepts occur where \(p(x)=0\). From \(4x^2-25=0\) we get \(4x^2=25\), so \(x^2=\tfrac{25}{4}\) and hence \(x=\pm\tfrac{5}{2}\). Therefore the intercepts are \(\left(\tfrac{5}{2},0\right)\) and \(\left(-\tfrac{5}{2},0\right)\). Alternatively factor \(4x^2-25=(2x-5)(2x+5)\) to read off the roots. The closest distractor (B) reflects a common slip of using 5 instead of \(\tfrac{5}{2}\). Exam tip: treat \(4x^2\) as \((2x)^2\) or take square roots carefully to avoid fraction errors.
09 If (p(x)=x^4-1), what are the real (x)-axis intersections of the graph?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. ((-1,0)) and ((1,0))
Explanation: Direct answer: Option A, (-1,0) and (1,0). An x-axis intersection has y=0, so we solve p(x)=0: x^4-1=0. Factor it as (x^2-1)(x^2+1)=(x-1)(x+1)(x^2+1). The real solutions are x=1 and x=-1. The factor x^2+1=0 would give x^2=-1, which has no real solution. Therefore the graph meets the x-axis at (-1,0) and (1,0). Option A is correct. Option B wrongly includes (0,0), but p(0)=-1, not 0. Option C uses 4 as though it were a root, but p(4) is not zero. Option D is wrong because two real roots exist. Remember: factor first, then keep only real solutions and write each as (x,0).
13 If (p(x)=-(x-2)(x+6)), on which side of the (x)-axis will the graph lie for (x<-6)?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. Below
Explanation: For (x<-6), both factors are negative and the outside negative makes the value negative. Tip: first check factor signs and then apply the outside sign.
14 If a graph touches the x-axis at (4,0) and crosses it at (-2,0), what is the sum of the zeros?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. 2
Explanation: A touch at (4,0) means x=4 is a zero and a crossing at (-2,0) means x=-2 is a zero. Thus the sum of zeros is \(4+(-2)=2\). Closest distractor: 6 would result from incorrectly adding absolute values (4+2) and ignoring the sign; that is incorrect. Exam tip: a touch-point is still a root (often with even multiplicity), and you must include its value when summing zeros.
15 If the graph of a polynomial intersects the x-axis at \((0,0)\) and \((a,0)\), where \(a \neq 0\), what is the product of its zeros?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. 0
Explanation: The x-intercepts give the zeros of the polynomial: here the zeros are \(0\) and \(a\). Their product is \(0\times a=0\). The closest distractor, \(a\), incorrectly treats the product as the nonzero root alone; but a single zero root forces the whole product to be zero. Exam tip: whenever one root is 0, the product of the roots is 0 immediately.
18 If a polynomial has values \(p(-4)=0\), \(p(0)=3\), \(p(2)=0\), \(p(5)=0\), how many of the given x‑values are zeros (roots) of the polynomial?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. Three
Explanation: A zero (root) is an x‑value where the function value equals 0. Here \(p(-4)=0\), \(p(2)=0\), and \(p(5)=0\), so there are three zeros. Since \(p(0)=3\) is not zero, x=0 is not a root. Exam tip: always verify that the function value is 0 at a given x before counting it as a root.
19 If \(p(x)=x^2-ax\), what are the x-axis intercepts (x-intercepts) of its graph?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. \((0,0),\; (a,0)\)
Explanation: Set \(p(x)=0\). Factor: \(p(x)=x^2-ax=x(x-a)\). Thus the roots are \(x=0\) and \(x=a\), so the x-intercepts are \((0,0)\) and \((a,0)\). The closest distractor \((0,0),(-a,0)\) is wrong because it flips the sign of the second root; sign errors are common when factoring or solving. Exam tip: always factor and set each factor equal to zero; intercepts have y-coordinate 0, so give points of the form \((\text{root},0)\).
25 If (p(x)=-(x+2)(x-6)), on which side of the (x)-axis will the graph lie for (-2<x<6)?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Above
Explanation: In this interval the first factor is positive and the second is negative, and the outside negative makes the value positive. Tip: check each factor's sign separately.
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