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Geometrical meaning of the zeroes of a polynomial.
बहुपद के शून्यकों का ज्यामितीय अर्थ
In this Class 10 Mathematics topic from Polynomials, students understand the geometrical meaning of a polynomial’s zeroes by connecting algebraic expressions with their graphs. A zero is represented by the x-coordinate where the graph meets or touches the x-axis. Students learn how the number of points of intersection indicates the number of real zeroes, and interpret graphs of linear, quadratic, and other polynomial functions to relate their shapes and x-intercepts to solutions of p(x) = 0.
Practice questions
01 If a graph cuts the (x)-axis at ((10,0)) and ((26,0)), what is the position of (x=18) between them?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. It is the midpoint of the two zeroes
Explanation: (18=\frac{10+26}{2}), so it is the midpoint of the two zeroes. Tip: the midpoint value need not be a zero.
03 If a graph touches the x-axis at (11, 0) and crosses it at (-6, 0), what is the product of the zeroes of the polynomial?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. -66
Explanation: A touching point is still a zero, so the zeroes are 11 and −6. Their product is 11 × (−6) = −66. The closest distractor 66 fails because it ignores the negative sign. Exam tip: "touches" means the x-value is a root (often with even multiplicity), but for product you simply multiply the zeros with their signs.
06 If \(p(-12)=0,\; p(-2)=6,\; p(4)=0,\; p(15)=0\), how many of the given x-values are zeroes (roots) of \(p\)?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. Three
Explanation: A root (zero) is an x-value where \(p(x)=0\). Here \(p(-12)=0,\; p(4)=0,\; p(15)=0\), so there are three zeros. Since \(p(-2)=6\), \(-2\) is not a zero. The closest distractor (Four) is incorrect because it would wrongly include \(-2\) despite \(p(-2)\neq0\). Exam tip: count only those x for which the function value is exactly 0 — check each given pair carefully.
07 If \(p(x)=x^2-hx\), what are the x-intercepts of its graph?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. (0,0), (h,0)
Explanation: Factor: \(p(x)=x^2-hx=x(x-h)\). X-intercepts occur when \(p(x)=0\), so \(x=0\) or \(x=h\). Thus the intercepts are (0,0) and (h,0). Choice B is wrong due to sign (root is \(h\), not \(-h\)); choice D is invalid because (0,h) is not on the x-axis (y≠0). Exam tip: set \(p(x)=0\) or factor out the common \(x\); the roots give the x-coordinates of intercepts.
15 If a graph intersects the x-axis at (-4, 0), (6, 0) and (16, 0), what is the mean (average) of its zeros?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. 6
Explanation: The zeros are the x-values -4, 6 and 16. Mean = \(\dfrac{-4+6+16}{3}=\dfrac{18}{3}=6\). Option B (18) is the sum of the zeros, not the average. Option D (16) is just one root, not the mean. Exam tip: read the x-coordinates of intercepts first and then compute their average.
16 If the graph of a quadratic polynomial (p(x)) cuts the (x)-axis at (-2) and (5), how many zeroes does it have?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Two
Explanation: A zero of a polynomial is an x-value at which its graph meets the x-axis, because the y-value there is \(p(x)=0\). The question says that the graph cuts the x-axis at two different positions, \(x=-2\) and \(x=5\). Each position gives one zero, so the quadratic polynomial has two zeroes. These are distinct real zeroes because the two x-values are different.
This can also be understood from the factor form: a quadratic with these zeroes would be proportional to \((x+2)(x-5)\). The two factors become zero at \(-2\) and \(5\), respectively. Therefore the number of zeroes is two, and option A is correct. The answer is not one, because the graph has two separate x-intercepts; it is not three, because a quadratic polynomial can have at most two zeroes. “No zeroes” would apply only if the graph did not meet the x-axis.
17 If the graph of a polynomial touches the x-axis at a point but does not cross it there, what does this indicate?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. It is a zero of even multiplicity (e.g., multiplicity 2, 4, ...)
Explanation: If a polynomial's graph touches the x-axis at x=a without crossing, the root at a has even multiplicity. For example, (x-a)^2 touches but does not cross. For even multiplicity the sign of f(x) on both sides of a is the same, so the curve does not pass through the axis. Option B is incorrect because an odd multiplicity root (e.g., 1 or 3) causes the graph to cross the axis. Exam tip: factor or check derivatives — if f(a)=0 and f'(a)=0 (and higher derivatives as needed), the root is likely repeated (even multiplicity).
19 If p(x) = x^2 - 9, at which points does its graph cut the x-axis?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. (-3, 0) and (3, 0)
Explanation: Set p(x)=0: \(x^2-9=0\). Factor: \((x-3)(x+3)=0\) so \(x=\pm3\). Zeros of the polynomial appear on the x-axis as points \((x,0)\), therefore \((-3,0)\) and \((3,0)\) are the intercepts. Options B and D list points on the y-axis (x=0), not x-axis intercepts; option C mistakes the roots as ±9 instead of ±3. Exam tip: either factor the quadratic or take square roots (\(x^2=9\) gives \(x=\pm3\)) to find intercepts quickly.
21 The graph shows p(2)=0. What is its geometric meaning?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. The graph meets the x-axis at (2,0)
Explanation: p(2)=0 means the function value at x=2 is y=p(2)=0, so the point (2,0) lies on the graph — i.e., the graph crosses the x-axis at (2,0). Option B is wrong because the y-axis is at x=0, not x=2. Options C and D are also incorrect: C asserts a vertex at (0,2) without justification, and D implies the graph is a vertical line parallel to x=2, which is not true for a typical polynomial function. Exam tip: p(a)=0 indicates a is a root and corresponds to the x-intercept (a,0) on the graph.
23 What is the x-intercept of the graph of \(p(x)=3x+6\)?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. (-2, 0)
Explanation: An x‑intercept is the point where the function value is zero (y=0). Set \(p(x)=0\): \(3x+6=0\) gives \(x=-2\), so the intercept is \((-2,0)\). Option (2,0) is a sign error; (0,6) is the y‑intercept, and (0,-2) is incorrect for both coordinates. Exam tip: find x‑intercepts by solving the polynomial equal to zero.
24 If the x-intercepts of a polynomial graph are (-4,0), (1,0) and (6,0), what is the set of zeroes?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. {-4,1,6}
Explanation: A zero (root) of a polynomial is the x-coordinate where the graph meets the x-axis (y=0). From the intercepts (-4,0), (1,0), (6,0) the x-values are -4, 1 and 6, so the set of zeroes is {-4,1,6}. The closest distractor C mixes a y-value (0) into the set in place of 1; remember 0 in the ordered pair is the y-coordinate, not a root by itself. Exam tip: read off only the x-coordinates of x-intercepts to list zeroes.
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