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Geometrical meaning of the zeroes of a polynomial.
बहुपद के शून्यकों का ज्यामितीय अर्थ
In this Class 10 Mathematics topic from Polynomials, students understand the geometrical meaning of a polynomial’s zeroes by connecting algebraic expressions with their graphs. A zero is represented by the x-coordinate where the graph meets or touches the x-axis. Students learn how the number of points of intersection indicates the number of real zeroes, and interpret graphs of linear, quadratic, and other polynomial functions to relate their shapes and x-intercepts to solutions of p(x) = 0.
Practice questions
01 A parabola cuts the (x)-axis at two points and cuts the (y)-axis at ((0,-20)). What is the number of real zeroes?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. Two
Explanation: Real zeroes are counted from (x)-axis intersections, not from the (y)-axis intercept. Tip: ((0,-20)) does not show a zero.
08 If a graph touches the x-axis at (9, 0) and crosses it at (-5, 0), what is the product of the zeroes?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. -45
Explanation: The x-values where the graph touches or crosses the x-axis are the zeroes. Here the zeroes are 9 and −5, so their product is 9×(−5)=−45. Note: touching usually means an even multiplicity and crossing means an odd multiplicity, but the numerical root values remain 9 and −5; unless the question asks for product counting multiplicities explicitly, use these root values. Option B (45) is the closest distractor but has the wrong sign. Exam tip: remember touch → even multiplicity, cross → odd multiplicity; for product-of-roots questions, multiply the root values given by the graph.
09 If the x-axis intersections of a graph are (0,0), (d,0), (−d,0), where \(d\neq0\), what is the product of the zeros?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. \(0\)
Explanation: The x-coordinates of the x-intercepts are the polynomial's zeros: 0, d and −d. Their product is 0\times d\times(−d)=0 because any product containing 0 equals 0. Note that \(d\neq0\) ensures the other two zeros are nonzero, but the presence of the zero root makes the whole product zero. The closest distractor, \(-d^2\), would be the product of d and −d alone and is wrong because it ignores the zero root. Exam tip: always check intercepts for a root equal to 0 first — it instantly gives the product as 0.
12 If p(-10)=0, p(-1)=4, p(3)=0 and p(12)=0, how many of the given x-values are zeroes of p(x)?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. 3
Explanation: A value x is a zero of the polynomial exactly when \(p(x)=0\). Here \(p(-10)=0\), \(p(3)=0\) and \(p(12)=0\), so there are three zeroes. Since \(p(-1)=4\) is not zero, it is not counted. Exam tip: verify the function value equals 0 exactly rather than assuming from sign or proximity.
13 If \(p(x)=x^2-ex\), what are the x-axis intercepts (x-intercepts) of its graph?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. (0,0) and (e,0)
Explanation: Factorize: \(x^2-ex=x(x-e)\). x-axis intercepts occur at x-values where the polynomial equals zero. Thus x=0 and x=e give intercepts \((0,0)\) and \((e,0)\). The closest distractor (option B) is wrong because it uses \(-e\) instead of \(+e\); sign matters when solving \(x-e=0\). Exam tip: always factor out the common factor first and set each factor to zero to find x-intercepts.
21 If a graph intersects the x-axis at (-3,0), (5,0) and (13,0), what is the mean (average) of these zeroes?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. 5
Explanation: The mean is the average of the x-coordinates of the x-intercepts:
\(\frac{-3+5+13}{3}=\frac{15}{3}=5\). So 5 is correct. Closest distractor D (15) is the sum of the zeros, not the mean; C (13) is just one root; B (−5) reflects a sign error. Exam tip: read the x-values of intercepts first, sum them, then divide by the number of zeros to get the mean.
25 If (p(x)=-(x+8)(x-2)(x-6)), on which side of the (x)-axis will the graph lie for (2<x<6)?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Above
Explanation: In this interval the factor signs are (+), (+), (-), and the outside negative makes the value positive. Tip: apply the outside sign at the end.
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