Why is the Gandhi-Irwin Pact called both an achievement and a compromise?

Correct answer: Congress got recognition in talks but all nationalist demands were not met

The direct answer is A: Congress gained recognition in talks, but all nationalist demands were not fulfilled. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed in March 1931 after the Civil Disobedience Movement had created strong political pressure. The British government agreed to release many political prisoners, return some confiscated property and permit limited peaceful picketing. Gandhi agreed to suspend the movement and attend the Second Round Table Conference. This was an achievement because Congress was treated as an important negotiating representative. It was also a compromise because complete independence was not granted, the colonial system did not end, and every nationalist demand was not accepted. Option A states both sides accurately. Option B is wrong: India did not become independent and partition did not stop because of the pact. Option C is wrong: British rule and the Constitution did not end or come into force then. Option D is wrong: the INA and the naval revolt belong to a later period. Exam cue: for a pact, write both its gain and its limitation.