Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was associated with which type of movement?

Correct answer: Revolutionary movement

The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, or HSRA, was a revolutionary organization, so option C is correct. It aimed to end colonial rule through organized revolutionary action and to establish a socialist form of political order. The organization developed from earlier revolutionary groups and became especially associated with young activists such as Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, and their colleagues. Its activities were different from constitutional methods used by moderate political leaders.

A moderate movement generally relied on petitions, debate, and gradual reforms, so option A does not describe HSRA. A peasant movement focuses primarily on farmers’ economic and land-related demands, while a social reform movement mainly seeks changes in social customs or institutions. HSRA’s central identity was armed and revolutionary opposition to British rule, combined with socialist ideas. Therefore, among the given choices, “revolutionary movement” is the precise answer.