Correct answer: B. Treaty of Paris
Explanation: The direct answer is B, the Treaty of Paris, specifically the Treaty of Paris signed in 1783. The American War of Independence was fought by the thirteen American colonies against British rule. After the fighting ended, Britain formally accepted that the United States was independent through this treaty. Therefore, the reasoning is: American victory, peace negotiations, Treaty of Paris, recognition of United States independence. Option A, the Treaty of Versailles, is mainly associated with the settlement after the First World War in 1919, so it belongs to a much later event. Option B is correct because the 1783 treaty ended the war and recognized American independence. Option C, the Treaty of Vienna, is not the agreement that recognized the United States; the Congress of Vienna dealt mainly with European arrangements after Napoleon. Option D, the Treaty of Utrecht, was made in the early eighteenth century and concerned European conflicts, especially the War of the Spanish Succession. Memory cue: remember “American independence—Paris—1783.”