How did the Carnation Revolution affect the independence process of Angola and Mozambique?

Correct answer: Political change in Portugal gave African colonies direction toward independence

The direct answer is A: political change in Portugal gave Angola and Mozambique a clearer path toward independence. The Carnation Revolution occurred in Portugal in 1974 and ended the authoritarian Estado Novo regime. The new political direction weakened support for Portugal’s continuing colonial wars and opened negotiations and decolonisation. Step by step: a change of government in the colonial power altered its policy; colonial wars became less sustainable; African liberation movements gained a more favourable opportunity; and Angola and Mozambique moved toward independence. Option A is correct because it explains this political connection without saying that the revolution alone created all African movements. Option B is wrong because the revolution helped weaken, not permanently strengthen, the Portuguese Empire. Option C is wrong because it did not end African movements; it helped create conditions for their success. Option D is wrong because the revolution was specifically a Portuguese event. The date 1974 is a useful exam cue, while the independence processes themselves continued through later negotiations and conflicts.