India's independence movement was against which colonial power?

Correct answer: Britain

India’s independence movement was directed against British colonial rule. The British gradually established control over large parts of the Indian subcontinent and governed India through the British Raj. Indian leaders, organizations, workers, students, and ordinary citizens used many forms of resistance, including political campaigns, mass movements, boycotts, civil disobedience, and constitutional action. India became independent on 15 August 1947. Therefore, the correct choice is Britain. Germany, Italy, and Japan were not the colonial power governing India at the time.

The answer follows from identifying the ruler whose authority the movement challenged. The Indian National Congress and leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and many others organized major campaigns against British rule, while other groups also contributed to the struggle. Independence was achieved after a long and diverse movement, not through one single event. Thus option A is correct, and the reference to 1947 helps connect the movement with the end of British colonial control and the creation of independent India.