Important Revolts and Movements

Vishnu Ganesh Pingle was a revolutionary linked with the Ghadar Movement. Remember him with the expatriate Indian revolutionary network.

The Gurdwara Reform Movement was linked with reforming gurdwara management and community rights. Connect it with the Akali movement.

The Nankana Sahib incident was an important event of the Gurdwara Reform Movement. Link it with Sikh religious reform and public rights.

The Akali Movement was linked with democratic management of gurdwaras. Study it as a religious and social reform movement.

In the Indigo Revolt, peasants refused to grow indigo under compulsion. Remember it as peasant resistance in Bengal.

Direct answer: Option C is correct. The Santhal Hul was a major uprising in 1855–56 against exploitation by moneylenders, landlords, officials, and other outsiders often called dikus. Santhal communities faced loss of land, unfair loans, high interest, manipulation of debt records, and pressure from revenue and administrative systems. The reasoning is: land was taken or threatened; debt trapped cultivators; moneylenders and outside agents profited; resentment grew; the Santhals rebelled. Option C correctly identifies land and debt exploitation. Option A is wrong because maritime trade rules were not the main cause. Option B is wrong because a municipal tax in towns does not explain this tribal agrarian uprising. Option D is wrong because parliamentary elections were not the central issue. Memory cue: Santhal Hul = land, debt, dikus, and resistance.

In the Kol Rebellion, interference by outside landlords and moneylenders was a major cause. Link it with tribal land issues in Chotanagpur.

The Ho uprising was linked with tribal resistance in the Singhbhum region. Study it with movements of the Chotanagpur region.

Ganga Narayan Singh was a major leader of the Bhumij rebellion. Connect it with tribal resistance in the Jungle Mahal region.

The Khond uprising was linked with the Khond community's opposition to colonial interference. Place it among tribal movements of the Odisha region.

Chakra Bisoi is regarded as a major leader of Khond resistance. Remember him with tribal struggle in Odisha.

The Koya rebellion was linked with tribal discontent in the Godavari region. Connect it with forest and local governance issues.

In the peasant movements of Tonk, rent and forced labour were major issues. Remember it under peasant resistance in Rajasthan.

The Meo peasant movement was linked with socio-economic discontent in the Mewat region. Study it under regional peasant resistance.

In the Bijolia movement, peasants opposed heavy taxes and begar. Begar means forced unpaid labour.

The Begun peasant movement was linked with peasant politics in princely Rajasthan. Remember it in the context of opposition to rent and forced labour.

Vijay Singh Pathik was a major leader of the Bijolia Peasant Movement. Remember him with peasant resistance in Rajasthan.

In the Pabna movement, peasants emphasized organized and legal resistance. Remember it as a peaceful peasant rights movement.

In the Deccan Riots, peasants targeted moneylenders' debt bonds and account books. Link it with rural debt crisis.

The Bengal Kisan Sabha played an important role in the Tebhaga Movement. Link it with sharecroppers' demand for two-thirds of the produce.

In the Telangana struggle, vetti or forced unpaid labour was a major issue. Link it with peasant exploitation in the Nizam's territory.

In Malabar, jenmi was linked with land ownership and tenancy relations. Understand the Moplah Rebellion in this socio-economic background.

The Eka Movement was a peasant movement in parts of northern India during the early twentieth century. The word “Eka” means “unity” or “oneness.” Its name expressed the need for peasants to stand together when they faced problems such as excessive rents, illegal dues, harsh collection practices, and pressure from landlords or officials. Unity made it possible for people with similar grievances to support one another and present a collective challenge rather than acting alone.

Among the options, commercial profit describes a business aim, military recruitment concerns joining an army, and naval discipline concerns rules in a navy. None of these explains the name of this peasant movement. The word Eka directly points to togetherness, while the movement’s social base and organised resistance were peasant communities. Therefore, the correct choice is D, unity of peasants. Remembering the meaning of “Eka” is a useful way to connect the name with its historical purpose.

Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was prominently associated with peasant movements in Bihar. Remember him also with the All India Kisan Sabha.

Lala Lajpat Rai was injured in Lahore during the Simon Commission protest. This event deeply influenced revolutionary youth.