Important Revolts and Movements

The Kundara Proclamation was linked with opposition to British dominance in Travancore. Remember it as an early resistance in South India.

Veerapandiya Kattabomman was associated with Polygar resistance in the Tamil region. Link him with anti-colonial resistance in South India.

Puli Thevar was a leader of early local resistance in South India. Remember him with the Polygar tradition.

Patna was an important centre of the Wahabi Movement. Link it with both religious reform and anti-colonial opposition.

Haji Shariatullah founded the Faraizi Movement. Dudu Miyan later linked it more strongly with peasant struggle.

Tipu Shah was a major leader of peasant resistance in the Pagal Panthi Movement. Remember it with the Mymensingh region.

The direct answer is C: Namdhari Sikh reform. The Kuka Movement was associated with the Namdhari, or Kuka, Sikh reform tradition. Baba Ram Singh was its important leader. The movement stressed religious and social discipline and also developed opposition to British rule, so it was both a reform current and a resistance movement. Option C is correct because Kuka and Namdhari refer to the same broad Sikh reform stream in this context. Option A is wrong because Arya Samaj was a separate Hindu reform organisation. Option B is wrong because Brahmo Samaj was a different reform movement centred on prayer and social reform. Option D is wrong because Deoband was an Islamic educational and reform current. Memory cue: Kuka movement—Namdhari reform and Baba Ram Singh.

Madari Pasi is counted among the major peasant leaders of the Eka Movement. The movement opposed rent and exploitation.

Baba Ramchandra was an important leader linked with the Awadh Kisan Sabha. Connect it with peasants' opposition to rent and forced labour.

Vaikom Satyagraha was linked with social equality and access to public roads. Study it as an anti-untouchability movement.

The Guruvayur Satyagraha was linked with temple entry rights. Remember it with social reform movements.

The Self-Respect Movement was associated with Periyar. Its aim was to promote social equality and anti-caste awareness.

The Justice Party was connected with non-Brahmin political representation in Madras Presidency. Link it with early social justice politics.

Indian soldiers at the Meerut cantonment revolted against British officers on 10 May 1857. Many rebels reached Delhi the next day and proclaimed the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah II as their leader. 23 March 1857 is associated with Mangal Pandey's incident at Barrackpore, not with the Meerut uprising. Exam tip: remember the sequence Meerut—10 May and Delhi—11 May for the Revolt of 1857.

The rebels declared Bahadur Shah Zafar as the symbolic emperor. Delhi became a major centre of the 1857 revolt.

Rani Lakshmibai became the symbol of Jhansi's resistance. Remember her with the Doctrine of Lapse and 1857.

Nil Darpan depicted the suffering of indigo peasants in Bengal. It is considered a literary expression of the Indigo Revolt.

The Indigo Commission examined coercion in indigo cultivation. Remember it as an outcome of the Indigo Revolt.

After the Deccan Riots, attention turned to peasants' debt problems. The Act was linked with rural moneylending pressure.

The Moplah Rebellion was linked with agrarian and social tensions in Malabar. It should not be understood through only one cause.

The direct answer is D: Chand and Bhairav. The Santhal Hul, also called the Santhal rebellion, was a major uprising of the Santhal people in 1855–56 against exploitation by moneylenders, zamindars, colonial officials, and other oppressive forces. The best-known leadership pair was Sidhu Murmu and Kanhu Murmu, and their brothers Chand and Bhairav were also associated with the movement. The fact chain is: identify the revolt as the Santhal Hul; remember the leading brothers Sidhu and Kanhu; add their associated brothers Chand and Bhairav; therefore choose D. Option A, Jatra and Budhu, is not the recognised group of four leaders associated with Sidhu and Kanhu in this question. Option B, Ram Singh and Ajit Singh, refers to different historical contexts and does not complete the Santhal leadership group. Option C, Periyar and Narayana Guru, were important social reformers from another context, not the associated Santhal leaders. Option D is correct because Chand and Bhairav are remembered alongside Sidhu and Kanhu. A useful memory aid is the four-name set: Sidhu, Kanhu, Chand, Bhairav. Do not confuse the Santhal Hul with other tribal revolts or later social reform movements; first identify the event, then recall its leaders.

In the Munda movement, the term Diku was used for outside exploiters. Link it with issues of land and forced labour.

The Rampa Rebellion was linked with tribal resistance in the Godavari Agency region. Connect it with forest laws and local autonomy.

Surya Sen, popularly known as Masterda, led the Chittagong Armoury Raid. On 18 April 1930, revolutionaries of the Indian Republican Army under his leadership raided British armouries at Chittagong. Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqulla Khan are associated with the Kakori case, while Rajguru is associated with Bhagat Singh and the Lahore Conspiracy Case. Exam tip: Remember Chittagong Armoury Raid—Surya Sen—1930.

The Kakori incident was an action of the Hindustan Republican Association. Place it under revolutionary nationalism.