Important Revolts and Movements

The Rangpur rebellion was linked with peasants opposing revenue pressure and exploitation. Remember it as early peasant resistance in Bengal.

The Chuar rebellion was linked with economic and administrative discontent in Jungle Mahal. Remember the region with the cause.

The Paika Rebellion was linked with opposition to colonial revenue and administrative changes. Link Bakshi Jagabandhu with its leadership.

In the Vellore Mutiny soldiers opposed rules linked with religion and military discipline. Link it with military discontent before 1857.

The Santhal Hul was a major uprising of the Santhal people in 1855–56 against oppressive conditions created by colonial rule and its local agents. The word “diku” referred broadly to outsiders such as moneylenders, zamindars, traders, and officials who were seen as exploiting Santhal communities. Their control over land, unfair loans, high interest, forced payments, and deceptive records threatened the community’s livelihood and independence. Thus, the central idea is economic and social exploitation, not a question of naval discipline, temple entry, or Swadeshi industry.

Option A is correct because the anger against dikus was closely connected with the loss of land and the burden of debt. Moneylenders could use loans and interest to take control of cultivators’ fields, while officials often supported the wider colonial system. The revolt therefore expressed resistance to outside control of land and village life. Option B concerns military organization, option C concerns a later social-religious issue, and option D belongs mainly to the Swadeshi movement. The supplied answer A is historically consistent.

The Kol Rebellion was linked with tribal land and interference by outsider moneylenders and landlords. Remember it with Chotanagpur.

Birsa Munda linked religious and social awakening with the land struggle. Remember Ulgulan as a great tribal upheaval.

The direct answer is A: Govind Guru linked social awakening among the Bhils with resistance to colonial oppression. A social or religious reformer may also encourage people to challenge exploitation, unfair taxes, forced labour and colonial control. Govind Guru helped organise and awaken Bhil communities, and his movement is remembered in connection with the Mangarh incident. Option A is correct because it includes both community reform and resistance. Option B is wrong because the Dandi March was led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930, not Govind Guru. Option C is wrong because the Simon Commission was created by the British government, not by him. Option D is wrong because Govind Guru was not an indigo plantation owner. The important lesson is that social reform and political resistance can be connected when reform builds unity and courage among oppressed people. Memory cue: Govind Guru—Bhil awakening, resistance and Mangarh.

The Khond uprising was linked with colonial interference in local order. Link Chakra Bisoi with this resistance.

The Rampa Rebellion was linked with the impact of forest laws on tribal life. Link it with the Godavari Agency region.

The Bastar rebellion was linked with forest resources and local autonomy. Remember Gunda Dhur as its major leader.

The Faraizi Movement was linked with Haji Shariatullah and Dudu Miyan. Study it under both reform and peasant resistance.

During Tipu Shah's phase peasant discontent became clearer in the Pagal Panthi Movement. Link it with the Mymensingh region.

The Kuka Movement was linked with Baba Ram Singh and Namdhari Sikh reform. Study it as a reform-resistance movement in Punjab.

Revenue was demanded in Kheda despite crop failure. Study it as a justice-based peasant satyagraha.

The Ahmedabad strike was linked with wage dispute and Gandhi's fast. Treat it as an example of labour satyagraha.

Patel's leadership and peasants' discipline made the movement successful. Link it with opposition to land revenue increase.

The Deccan Riots were linked with rural debt crisis. Attacks on documents indicated opposition to moneylending system.

In the Pabna Movement peasants used courts and organization. Remember it as a peaceful peasant rights movement.

In the Tebhaga Movement sharecroppers demanded two-thirds of produce. Link it with agrarian class struggle in Bengal.

The Telangana struggle was against socio-economic and political exploitation. Link it with peasant movement in the Nizam's territory.

The Moplah Rebellion should be understood in the land and social background of Malabar. Do not treat it as a single-cause event.

Boycott of courts and educational institutions in Non-Cooperation was a moral challenge to colonial authority. Link it with institutional non-cooperation.

The direct answer is A: stopping the movement after Chauri Chaura showed that Gandhi treated non-violence as both a practical method and a moral principle. The Non-Cooperation Movement depended on people refusing cooperation peacefully. At Chauri Chaura in 1922, a violent crowd killed policemen. Gandhi believed that continuing a mass movement when participants were not disciplined in non-violence would betray its basic purpose. He therefore withdrew the movement, even though many nationalists disagreed. Option A is correct. B is wrong because the decision was not about expanding the navy. C is wrong because it did not support indigo cultivation. D is wrong because accepting the Simon Commission was unrelated; the Commission came later and was widely opposed. Exam cue: Chauri Chaura → violence → withdrawal of Non-Cooperation → strict commitment to ahimsa.

The Rowlatt Act imposed harsh restrictions on civil liberty. Link it with the background of Jallianwala Bagh.