Important Revolts and Movements

Telangana struggle was linked with peasant exploitation and zamindari system. Exam tip: remember regional peasant movements.

All India Kisan Sabha was linked with organising peasants' demands. Exam tip: remember the importance of peasant organisations.

Praja Mandal movements raised demands for people's rights in princely states. Exam tip: understand princely state politics separately.

Bhoodan Movement was associated with Vinoba Bhave. Exam tip: remember Bhoodan as a land-gift movement.

The direct answer is Option C: protection of forests. The Chipko Movement was a forest-conservation movement in which villagers, especially in the Himalayan region, resisted tree felling by embracing or holding on to trees. The word ‘Chipko’ means to cling or stick, and this action expressed the wish to save forests and the livelihoods and environment connected with them. Option C is correct because forest protection was the movement’s central objective. Option A, military recruitment, concerns joining the armed forces and has no connection with Chipko. Option B, the Salt Law, is associated with Mahatma Gandhi’s Salt March and the Civil Disobedience Movement, not Chipko. Option D, princely integration, refers to the political merging of princely states into India after independence, not an environmental campaign. A useful exam cue is: Chipko means hugging trees, so connect it with forests, environmental protection and local community action.

The direct answer is D: hugging trees was meant to stop tree felling. In the Chipko Movement, villagers, especially in the Himalayan region, physically embraced trees so that contractors and loggers could not cut them without harming the people standing around them. The movement expressed concern for forests, soil, water, local livelihoods, and environmental protection. Option D is correct because stopping commercial cutting was the immediate purpose of this method. Option A is wrong because the movement was not connected with building railways. Option B is wrong because people were not collecting taxes. Option C is wrong because tree-hugging was not a military exercise. The action and its purpose are directly connected: people held on to trees to protect them. Memory cue: Chipko means ‘to stick or embrace’; embrace the tree, stop the axe.

Narmada Bachao Andolan was linked with dam projects and displacement. Exam tip: remember issues of modern people's movements.

The Anti-Arrack Movement was linked with protest against liquor problem and its social effects. Exam tip: remember women's participation.

Silent Valley Movement was linked with environmental protection. Exam tip: remember this environmental movement of Kerala.

Swadeshi Movement was linked with protest against the 1905 Partition of Bengal. Exam tip: remember Swadeshi and boycott.

The Pabna Movement was linked with peasants and tenants of Bengal. Exam tip: remember regions of peasant movements.

The direct answer is B, Bengal. The Pabna Movement was a tenant-peasant movement that developed in the Pabna district of eastern Bengal in the 1870s. Tenants resisted illegal rent increases and unfair demands by zamindars, often using organised and largely peaceful methods. Option A, Punjab, is wrong because Punjab was a different province and is not the location of the Pabna movement. Option B is correct because Pabna was in Bengal during the colonial period and the movement is commonly called the Pabna Agrarian or Tenant Movement of Bengal. Option C, Madras, is wrong because Madras belonged to southern India and was not the province associated with Pabna. Option D, Rajasthan, is also wrong because Pabna was not located there. The key reasoning is simple: the place-name Pabna points to Bengal, while the subject clue is tenant farmers opposing zamindari pressure. Memory cue: Pabna means Bengal’s tenant-peasant protest.

The correct answer is C: Awadh Kisan Sabha was especially associated with Baba Ramchandra. Awadh, in present-day Uttar Pradesh, had many tenant farmers who faced high rents, illegal dues, eviction threats, and forced labour practices. Baba Ramchandra helped organise peasants and brought their complaints into public and political discussion. Step by step: tenants suffered under landlord demands; a leader organised them; the organisation became known as the Awadh Kisan Sabha; its work connected local agrarian problems with the wider national movement. Option A, Bhagat Singh, is wrong because he is chiefly remembered as a revolutionary associated with the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, not as the distinctive leader of Awadh Kisan Sabha. Option B, Surya Sen, is wrong because he led the Chittagong Armoury Raid and revolutionary activities in Bengal. Option C is correct because Baba Ramchandra is the key name linked with this peasant organisation. Option D, Lord Curzon, is wrong because he was a British viceroy, not a peasant leader. Memory cue: Awadh’s peasants—Baba Ramchandra.

The Eka Movement was linked with peasants of Awadh. Exam tip: remember it as a peasant resistance.

The Ramosi uprising was linked with Maharashtra. Exam tip: remember the correct location of regional uprisings.

The direct answer is Option B: Bhil. The question asks which community was mainly connected with the Bhil uprising. The Bhils are an Adivasi or tribal community found mainly in western and central India, including areas of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. Therefore the name of the uprising itself points to the Bhil community, making Option B correct. Option A, Santhal, refers to a different tribal community associated with the Santhal rebellion. Option C, Munda, refers to another tribal community associated with movements such as the Munda uprising under Birsa Munda. Option D, Khasi, refers to a tribal community of the Khasi Hills in the northeast and is not the community named in this uprising. The safest exam method is to match the revolt with the community named in its title, while remembering that different tribal revolts occurred in different regions and periods.

The Khasi uprising was linked with the leadership of U Tirot Singh. Exam tip: also remember uprisings of Northeast India.

The Ahom revolt was associated with Assam. It arose in 1828 against the British annexation of Assam and the removal of Ahom rule. Therefore, Assam is correct; Bengal and Punjab witnessed other important anti-colonial movements, but they were not linked to the Ahom revolt. Exam tip: remember the Ahom dynasty together with Assam.

The Ahom revolt was an early nineteenth-century resistance in Assam against the attempt of the British East India Company to extend its control after the Burmese conflicts. Gomdhar Konwar is remembered as one of its principal leaders. He and his supporters opposed the loss of Ahom political authority and local independence. Therefore, the correct answer is option A, Gomdhar Konwar. The other names belong to different periods, movements, or regions and do not match this revolt.

The key to the question is matching the leader with Assam and the Ahom resistance. Gomdhar Konwar was connected with the rebellion that began in 1828, when opposition grew against British interference. Mahatma Gandhi led mass movements in the twentieth century, Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a major nationalist leader in western India, and Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan led movements in the North-West Frontier region. Thus option A is the historically appropriate match, and the supplied answer is correct.

The Pagal Panthi movement was linked with Bengal. Exam tip: identify smaller peasant and religious movements separately.

The Wahabi Movement was linked with Syed Ahmed Barelvi. Exam tip: remember leaders of religious reform and resistance movements.

Dudu Miyan was an important leader of the Faraizi Movement. Exam tip: remember both Haji Shariatullah and Dudu Miyan.

The Rampa Rebellion was associated with Alluri Sitarama Raju. Exam tip: remember tribal resistance of the Andhra region.

The Tana Bhagat Movement was linked with the Oraon tribe. Exam tip: remember tribal movements with their communities.

The Tana Bhagat Movement was a tribal and reform movement among the Oraon people in the Chotanagpur region. It began in the early twentieth century and is associated with Jatra Bhagat, who encouraged his followers to oppose exploitation and adopt disciplined social and religious practices. The movement later came into contact with ideas connected with the national struggle. Therefore, the correct answer is option C, Jatra Bhagat. Sidhu and Kanhu are mainly associated with the Santhal rebellion, while Mangal Pandey is linked with the events of 1857.

The question asks for the principal leader, so the movement–leader association is the important clue. Jatra Bhagat founded and guided the Tana Bhagat movement among the Oraons. The names Sidhu and Kanhu may seem plausible because they are also remembered as tribal resistance leaders, but they belong to another uprising. Mangal Pandey belongs to a different historical context. Hence option C is the correct match, and the supplied answer is accurate.