Correct answer: B. 1980 CE
Explanation: The direct answer is B: the Padma Awards were resumed in 1980. To reason accurately, distinguish the original institution from later suspension and resumption. The Padma awards were instituted in 1954. They were discontinued or suspended for a period after 1977, and they were revived in 1980. Therefore, when the question asks when they were “resumed,” it is asking for the restart year, not the original beginning year. Option A, 1977, is associated with the period when the awards were discontinued, so it is not the resumption year. Option B, 1980, is correct because it marks their revival. Option C, 1995, is too late and is not the recognized resumption year. Option D, 2001, is also unrelated to the restart. A useful date chain is: 1954—instituted; 1977—discontinued; 1980—resumed. Memory trick: remember the sequence “54 began, 77 stopped, 80 restarted.”