What is the main soil of the Ganga Plain?

Correct answer: Alluvial soil

The direct answer is C, alluvial soil. Rivers erode rocks and soils in their upper courses, carry the fine material downstream, and deposit it across plains during floods and changing channels. The Ganga and its tributaries have built the broad Ganga Plain mainly from these river deposits, called alluvium. This soil is generally fertile because it contains materials renewed by rivers. Option A, red soil, is common in parts of peninsular India and is not the main soil of the Ganga Plain. Option B, black soil, is especially associated with basaltic plateau regions and cotton cultivation. Option C is correct because river deposition explains the plain’s soil. Option D, laterite soil, forms under strong leaching in hot, wet regions and is not the main Ganga-Plain soil. Memory cue: river plains are usually alluvial.