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Subjects

Computer Applications

HTML

In this Class 10 Computer Applications chapter, students learn how HTML is used to create and organize web pages. They become familiar with the basic document structure, elements, tags, attributes, headings, paragraphs, text formatting, lists, hyperlinks, images, and tables. The chapter also develops an understanding of how browsers interpret HTML code and how clear, properly structured markup improves the presentation and usability of web content.

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Introduction to web page designing using HTML

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students are introduced to the basics of creating and designing web pages with HyperText Markup Language. They learn how an HTML document is structured, how tags and elements are used, and how common components such as headings, paragraphs, links, lists, and images can be added to a page. The topic also builds an understanding of writing simple HTML code and viewing the resulting page in a web browser.

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HTML tags - html

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how HTML tags define the structure and meaning of a web page. They explore opening and closing tags, nested elements, attributes, and the relationship between tags and content. Examples such as headings, paragraphs, links, images, lists, and tables show how pages are organised. Students also practise reading and writing simple HTML markup and identifying common errors in tag use.

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HTML tags - head

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn the purpose and structure of the `<head>` section in an HTML document. They understand how elements such as `<title>`, `<meta>`, `<link>`, `<style>`, and `<script>` provide page information, connect external resources, or define supporting instructions without appearing as the main content of the webpage. The topic also develops correct document structure and helps students distinguish head content from the visible `<body>` content.

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HTML tags - title

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how the <title> tag gives a web page its name. They explore where the tag is written within the <head> section, how to use opening and closing tags, and how the title appears in a browser tab, bookmarks, and search results. Simple examples help students distinguish the page title from the visible content created with headings such as <h1>, while practising clear, meaningful titles for HTML documents.

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HTML tags - body

Within the HTML chapter of Class 10 Computer Applications, students learn how the <body> tag defines the visible content area of a web page. The topic explains where text, headings, images, links, tables, and other page elements are placed, along with common body attributes used in basic school examples to set background, text, and link colours. Students also practise identifying the opening and closing tags and using them correctly in a simple HTML document.

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HTML tags - br

In the HTML chapter of Class 10 Computer Applications, students learn how the <br> tag inserts a line break within text without starting a new paragraph. They explore its basic syntax, understand that it is a void element with no closing tag, and practise placing it correctly in headings, addresses, poems, and other text where a new line is needed. The topic also helps them distinguish <br> from paragraph tags and create clearer, well-structured web pages.

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HTML tags - hr

In Class 10 Computer Applications, this topic introduces the HTML <hr> tag, used to create a thematic break or horizontal divider between sections of a web page. Students learn its basic syntax, understand that it is a void element with no closing tag, and observe how it separates headings, paragraphs, or content areas. The topic also helps them distinguish structural HTML from visual styling and understand when CSS is more suitable for controlling a divider’s appearance.

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HTML tags - comments

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how comments are added to HTML code using the <!-- comment --> syntax. They understand that comments help explain sections, organise a webpage, leave notes for future editing, and clarify code, but are not displayed as page content by the browser. The topic also develops good coding habits, including writing clear, relevant comments, placing them correctly, and avoiding confidential information because comments can still be viewed in the source code.

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HTML tags - h1 to h6

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how the h1 to h6 tags define headings and subheadings on a web page. They understand the hierarchy from the most important heading, h1, to the least prominent, h6, and learn how to structure content clearly using opening and closing tags. The topic also introduces the role of headings in readability, document organization, and accessible web design.

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HTML tags - p

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how the <p> tag is used to define paragraphs on a web page. They explore the opening <p> and closing </p> tags, understand how browsers display paragraph content as separate blocks, and practise writing clear, structured HTML text. The topic also helps students distinguish paragraph structure from simple line breaks and recognise how readable formatting improves the presentation of web content.

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HTML tags - b

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how to use the <b> tag to display text in bold on a web page. They study its opening and closing syntax, place it correctly within HTML content, and observe how it changes the visual presentation of selected words or phrases. The topic also supports practice with basic HTML structure, tag nesting, and writing simple code that browsers can interpret.

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HTML tags - i

In Class 10 Computer Applications, this HTML topic introduces the <i> tag and its role in displaying text in an italic style on a web page. Students learn the basic opening and closing tag syntax, how to place words or phrases inside <i>...</i>, and how the browser renders the enclosed content. The topic also helps them distinguish visual text formatting from meaningful emphasis, which is commonly represented with the <em> element, while practising clear and correctly nested HTML markup.

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HTML tags - u

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how the HTML <u> tag displays text with an underline. They practise its opening and closing syntax, such as <u>Important text</u>, and observe the result in a web browser. The topic also helps students understand how tags format webpage content, how the u element can be placed within other text elements, and why correct nesting and meaningful use of formatting improve the clarity and structure of an HTML page.

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HTML tags - ul

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how the <ul> tag creates an unordered list whose items are usually displayed with bullet points. They understand the role of the opening and closing <ul> tags, use <li> to define each list item, and practise arranging related information in a clear structure. The topic also helps students read, write, and troubleshoot simple HTML code for lists used in webpages.

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HTML tags - ol

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how the <ol> (ordered list) tag creates numbered or alphabetically styled lists on a web page. They explore its relationship with <li> list-item elements, understand how attributes such as type and start can control numbering, and practise writing, nesting, and viewing list code in a browser. The topic builds a clear foundation for organising steps, instructions, rankings, and other sequential information in HTML.

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HTML tags - li

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how the <li> tag defines an individual list item on a web page. They explore its use with <ul> for unordered lists and <ol> for ordered lists, understand how opening and closing tags structure content, and see how nesting can create sublists. The topic builds practical understanding of organizing menus, steps, features, and other grouped information in HTML.

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HTML tags - dl

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how the <dl> tag creates a description or definition list on a web page. They understand the roles of <dt> for listing a term and <dd> for providing its description, study the basic nesting and structure of these elements, and see how they work together in HTML. Simple examples help students present terms, meanings, and related information in a clear, organized format.

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HTML tags - dt

In Class 10 Computer Applications, students learn how the HTML <dt> tag identifies a term or name in a description list. Used inside <dl>, it is usually followed by a <dd> element that provides the term’s description, making related concepts easier to structure and read. The topic covers the tag’s purpose, basic syntax, nesting with <dl> and <dd>, and how browsers display the resulting list. It also helps students distinguish semantic structure from ordinary text formatting when creating HTML pages.

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HTML tags - dd

In Class 10 Computer Applications, students learn how the HTML <dd> tag presents the description or details associated with a term in a description list. They understand its role with the <dl> and <dt> tags: <dl> creates the list, <dt> identifies a term, and <dd> explains it. The topic helps learners structure definitions, explanations, and other paired information clearly in an HTML document.

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Font tags - face

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how the face attribute of the <font> tag specifies the typeface used to display text on a web page. They study its basic syntax, understand how to provide alternative font names when the first choice is unavailable, and observe the effect in a browser. The topic also introduces the limitation of this older HTML method and the modern preference for CSS font-family styling.

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Font tags - size

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from HTML, students learn how the <font> tag’s size attribute changes the apparent size of text on a webpage. They explore valid size values, understand the difference between relative sizes and basic formatting, and practise writing and editing HTML code to display headings and body text clearly. The topic also encourages careful use of text formatting for readability and introduces the limitations of older HTML presentation techniques.

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Font tags - color

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how the HTML <font> tag uses the color attribute to change the appearance of text on a web page. They explore color names and hexadecimal color codes, read and write the basic tag syntax, and understand how the opening and closing tags apply the chosen color to specific text. Simple examples help them identify correct formatting and avoid common syntax mistakes while building clear, readable HTML pages.

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Images and text formatting - img

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how the <img> tag adds images to a web page and how attributes such as src and alt provide the image source and meaningful alternative text. They also explore basic text-formatting elements that improve the appearance and structure of headings, paragraphs, emphasis, and other content. The topic builds practical understanding of combining images and formatted text to create clear, accessible HTML pages.

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Images and text formatting - sup

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how to place images on a web page and format text for clearer presentation. They explore the HTML image element, basic attributes such as the image source and alternate text, and common text-formatting practices. The topic also introduces the <sup> tag, which displays characters as superscript for uses such as exponents, ordinal indicators, and mathematical expressions.】【。

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Images and text formatting - sub

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how to place images on a web page and control their basic presentation using the <img> element and attributes such as src, alt, width, and height. They also practise formatting text with suitable HTML elements for headings, paragraphs, bold or emphasized content, and line breaks. The topic helps students understand how structure and visual presentation work together to create clear, readable web pages.

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HTML forms - textbox

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic, students learn how a textbox works within an HTML form and how it collects short text such as a name, username, or search term. They explore the `<input>` element with `type="text"`, along with useful attributes such as `name`, `value`, `placeholder`, and `maxlength`. The topic also covers placing labels and textboxes correctly so users can understand and complete a form clearly.

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HTML forms - radio buttons

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how radio buttons work in HTML forms. They explore the <input type="radio"> element, the use of the name and value attributes, and how grouping controls lets a user select one option from a set. The topic also covers labels, checked choices, and basic form structure, helping students create clear and user-friendly forms for collecting a single response.

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HTML forms - checkbox

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how to use the checkbox control in an HTML form to let users select one or more independent options. They study the <input type="checkbox"> syntax and understand important attributes such as name, value, and checked. The topic also covers associating labels with checkboxes, grouping related choices, and viewing how selected values are submitted with form data. Students distinguish checkboxes from radio buttons and practise creating clear, usable forms.

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HTML forms - password

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how to create a password field in an HTML form using the <input type="password"> element. They understand how it masks typed characters on screen, use attributes such as name, id, placeholder, and required, and connect the field with labels and other form controls. The topic also introduces basic form structure and explains that visual masking is not the same as secure encryption.

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HTML forms - list

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic, students learn how to create a list-based input in an HTML form and understand how it helps users choose a value from predefined options. The lesson introduces form elements such as <select> and <option>, along with basic attributes used to define the list and its choices. Students also practise placing the control within a form, reading its structure, and distinguishing it from other form inputs while building a foundation for designing simple, user-friendly web pages.

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HTML forms - combobox

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how a combo box, created with the <select> and <option> elements, lets users choose one item from a list in a web form. They explore its structure, visible choices, value attributes, and practical uses in collecting organised input. The topic also helps students distinguish a combo box from other form controls and understand how it improves form design and usability.

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Audio and video embedding

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how to add audio and video content to a web page using the <audio> and <video> elements. They explore attributes such as src, controls, autoplay, loop, width, and height, understand how media files are linked, and practise presenting multimedia in a clear, functional webpage. The topic also introduces basic considerations for user control and browser compatibility.

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Tables - table

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic, students learn how to present structured information in an HTML table. They explore the purpose of the <table>, <tr>, <th>, and <td> elements, understand how rows, headings, and data cells are arranged, and practise writing clear table markup. The topic also introduces useful features such as borders and combining cells with rowspan and colspan, helping students create readable schedules, lists, and other organised web content while understanding the role of tables in an HTML page.

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Tables - tr

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how the <tr> tag creates a row within an HTML table. They understand how table rows work with <th> for headings and <td> for data cells, and how these elements combine to present information in a clear, organised format. Simple examples help students read, write, and structure basic HTML tables correctly.

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Tables - th

This Class 10 Computer Applications topic explains how the HTML <th> element is used to create heading cells within tables. Students learn how header cells differ from <td> data cells, how they fit into table rows and the overall table structure, and how clear headings make tabular information easier to read. The topic also supports practice in writing, formatting, and checking simple HTML tables as part of the broader HTML chapter.

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Tables - td

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how the <td> element creates individual data cells inside an HTML table. They understand its relationship with table rows (<tr>) and the main <table> structure, then practise placing text or other content in cells to organise information clearly. The topic also introduces common cell-related attributes such as colspan and rowspan, helping students build readable tables and understand how HTML represents tabular data.

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Tables - rowspan

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how the rowspan attribute allows a table cell to extend across two or more rows. They explore its syntax, understand how the value controls the number of rows covered, and see how it is used with the <table>, <tr>, and <td> elements. Practical examples help students create clear, well-structured tables and avoid incorrect cell placement.

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Tables - colspan

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how the colspan attribute combines two or more adjacent columns into a single table cell. They explore its syntax, set suitable column spans in table headings and data rows, and understand how the attribute affects the structure and appearance of an HTML table. Practical examples help students create clearer layouts, align related information, and identify common mistakes such as using an incorrect span value or producing uneven rows.

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Links - anchor tag

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how to create links using the anchor (<a>) tag. They understand the role of the href attribute, link text, and destination URLs, and practise connecting web pages, files, sections within a page, and email addresses. The topic also introduces relative and absolute paths and explains how attributes such as target affect where a linked page opens, helping students build clear and navigable web pages.

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Links - href

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from HTML, students learn how the href attribute connects one webpage, section, file, or online resource to another. They study the basic anchor-tag structure, such as <a href="URL">Link text</a>, and understand how the value of href defines the destination. The topic also introduces absolute and relative paths, linking to pages within the same website, and using clear link text to make webpages easier to navigate and understand.

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Links - mailto

In Class 10 Computer Applications, within the HTML chapter, students learn how to create a hyperlink that starts an email message instead of opening a web page. They study the <a> element, the mailto: scheme in the href attribute, and the correct format for an email address. The topic also covers optional subject and body parameters, URL encoding for spaces and special characters, and the value of clear link text and testing. Students understand when mailto links are useful and how they differ from ordinary web links.

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Links - targets

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how the target attribute controls where a linked page opens. They explore common values such as _self, _blank, _parent, and _top, understand the difference between opening a link in the current window, a new tab, or a related browsing context, and practise applying the attribute in anchor tags. The topic also develops clarity about link behaviour and correct HTML syntax.

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CSS basics - colour

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic, students learn how CSS adds colour to an HTML page and controls the appearance of text and backgrounds. They explore the `color` and `background-color` properties, common colour names, hexadecimal values, and RGB notation, then apply these rules to HTML elements. The topic also builds an understanding of selectors, declarations, contrast, and readable design so learners can create clearer web pages and understand how HTML structure and CSS styling work together.

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CSS basics - background-colour

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how CSS controls the background colour of a web page or individual HTML element. They explore the background-color property, understand its basic syntax, and apply it using named colours, hexadecimal values, and other suitable colour formats. The topic also highlights how background choices affect contrast, readability, and the visual presentation of headings, paragraphs, sections, and complete pages.

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CSS basics - border-style

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic, students learn how the CSS border-style property controls the appearance of borders around HTML elements. They explore common values such as none, hidden, dotted, dashed, solid, double, groove, ridge, inset, and outset, and understand how a declaration such as border-style: solid; is written. The topic also introduces applying one style to all sides or separate styles to the top, right, bottom, and left borders, alongside related width and color settings.

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CSS basics - margin

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how the CSS margin property creates space outside an HTML element and separates it from nearby content. They explore margin-top, margin-right, margin-bottom, and margin-left, along with shorthand notation for setting all sides or individual values. Examples help students understand units such as pixels and percentages, apply margins to headings, paragraphs, images, and containers, and observe how spacing improves the structure and readability of a web page.

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CSS basics - height

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how CSS controls the height of HTML elements using the height property. They explore common values such as auto, pixels, percentages, and viewport-based units, and understand how height relates to the containing element, padding, borders, and the CSS box model. Simple examples show how to apply height rules to containers, headings, images, and other page elements while avoiding unwanted overflow or layout problems.

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CSS basics - width

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic from the HTML chapter, students learn how CSS controls the width of web page elements such as text blocks, images, tables, and containers. They explore the width property, common units such as pixels and percentages, and how the chosen value affects layout across different screen sizes. The topic also introduces the relationship between width, padding, borders, and the CSS box model, helping students create clearer and more consistent web pages.

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CSS basics - outline

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic, students build on HTML by learning how CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) controls the presentation of a web page. They explore the basic structure of a CSS rule, including selectors, properties, and values, and understand how styles can be applied inline, internally, or through an external stylesheet. The topic introduces practical styling concepts such as colours, fonts, backgrounds, borders, spacing, and simple page layout, helping students create clearer and more consistent web pages.

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CSS basics - font

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic, students learn how CSS controls the appearance of text in HTML web pages. They explore font-related properties such as font-family, font-size, font-style, font-weight, and color, and understand how these settings improve readability and visual consistency. The topic also introduces suitable font choices, fallback fonts, and how CSS rules are applied to HTML elements, helping students create clearer, better-formatted web pages.

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CSS basics - align

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic, students learn how CSS controls the alignment of content in an HTML page. They explore commonly used concepts such as text-align for positioning text within an element, vertical-align where applicable, and margin or layout rules for arranging block-level elements. The topic connects HTML structure with CSS presentation, helping students create cleaner headings, paragraphs, images, and page sections while understanding how alignment affects readability and overall webpage design.

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CSS basics - float

In this Class 10 Computer Applications topic, students learn how the CSS float property positions an HTML element to the left or right and allows surrounding text or inline content to flow around it. They explore basic float syntax, see how floated elements affect page layout, and understand the role of the clear property in controlling later content. Examples connect HTML structure with CSS styling to help students create and interpret simple, organised web pages.

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