General Knowledge

Municipalities

This topic introduces Class 12 students to municipalities as institutions of urban local self-government within Indian Polity and Constitution. It explains the constitutional foundation provided by the 74th Constitutional Amendment, the main types of urban local bodies, their composition, elections, reservations, functions, sources of revenue, and relationship with state governments. Students also examine how municipalities deliver essential services, support planned urban development, encourage citizen participation, and remain accountable through democratic and administrative processes.