Geography

Hunting and Gathering

This Class 12 Geography topic, part of the chapter Primary Activities, introduces hunting and gathering as early forms of subsistence livelihood. Students learn how communities obtain food and useful materials from wild plants, animals, forests, rivers and other natural environments, and how climate, relief, resources, tools and mobility influence these activities. The topic also helps them examine the geographical distribution of hunter-gatherer groups, their close relationship with nature, and the changes brought by settled agriculture, technology and modern economic activities.